Posts Tagged ‘HIV’

HIV in South Africa

Posted by Graham McMahon • May 20th, 2011

In the latest Case Record of the Massachusetts General Hospital, a 19-year-old woman was seen in a clinic in South Africa because of headache, fatigue, sore throat, anorexia, and vaginal discharge. She had no history of STIs. Rapid testing for HIV-1 was negative. The initial symptoms resolved, but a painful genital ulcer developed. With less… Read More…

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Acute HIV Infection

Posted by Graham McMahon • May 20th, 2011

The latest article in our Medical Progress review series is on Acute HIV-1 Infection. There are now 33.2 million people living with human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and 2.6 million additional cases are diagnosed each year. The need for effective HIV-1 prevention has never been greater. Clinical Pearls • How quickly after exposure can HIV… Read More…

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Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention

Posted by Graham McMahon • December 31st, 2010

In a study by Grant et al., 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who were at high risk for HIV acquisition were enrolled in a trial of daily emtricitabine plus tenofovir versus placebo. Those receiving the antiretroviral medication had a 44% reduction in HIV incidence. A total of 2.7 million new infections with the human… Read More…

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Beating HIV to the Punch

Posted by Rena Xu • December 30th, 2010

Every day, approximately 7,000 new people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  This occurs despite huge public health efforts to slow transmission through better education and use of condoms.  Every day more people are infected.  HIV/AIDS is no longer a death sentence since anti-retroviral therapy has been valuable in extending the life expectancy of… Read More…

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Two Sides of the Same Coin: Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission

Posted by Dominique Bayard • October 18th, 2010

Years ago in medical school during the Infectious Diseases course, I would sit for hours memorizing the different HIV antiretroviral medications and combinations. This included memorizing the variation of treatments appropriate for pregnant women, for in the US it was still estimated that annually, 100-200 infants were infected with HIV perinatally – during pregnancy, labor… Read More…

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The History of AIDS: Past Battles in an Ongoing War

Posted by Rena Xu • July 29th, 2010

The NEJM Archive is a vital resource for teaching and research. With over 150,000 articles, 8,657 issues, 478,000 pages, 85,316 images, and 610,000 references an array of search, filter, and sort features, the NEJM Archive makes it easy to find what you’re looking for quickly. Articles are fully searchable, tabbed for easy access, and available… Read More…

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Pediatric HIV Infection

Posted by Graham McMahon • June 18th, 2010

Approximately 200,000 infants worldwide become infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) annually through breast-feeding. In a  randomized trial by Chasela et al. involving 2369 mother–infant pairs in Malawi,  the use of either maternal antiretroviral therapy or infant nevirapine through the age of 6 months was found to significantly decrease the rate of maternal… Read More…

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Antiretroviral Failure

Posted by Graham McMahon • June 18th, 2010

This week’s Case Record of the Massachusetts General Hospital is A 7-Year-Old Boy with Elevated HIV RNA Levels despite Antiretroviral Medications. In light of recent reports indicating excess mortality in apparently healthy infants who had high CD4 counts and high CD4 percentages and who did not receive early antiretroviral therapy, HIV exposure and infection should… Read More…

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