{"id":5934,"date":"2015-03-28T19:13:16","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T23:13:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/?p=5934"},"modified":"2015-03-28T19:13:16","modified_gmt":"2015-03-28T23:13:16","slug":"quick-question-should-hiv-negative-people-in-serodiscordant-relationships-all-get-prep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/quick-question-should-hiv-negative-people-in-serodiscordant-relationships-all-get-prep\/2015\/03\/28\/","title":{"rendered":"Quick Question:  Should HIV-Negative People in Serodiscordant Relationships All Get PrEP?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/18480762_blog.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright  wp-image-5941\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/18480762_blog-300x294.jpg\" alt=\"18480762_blog\" width=\"280\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/18480762_blog-300x294.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/18480762_blog.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/a>From a very thoughtful and experienced primary care provider came this query:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Hey Paul, quick question &#8212;<br \/>\nOne of my patients, an HIV-negative gay man, is in a long-term relationship with one of your HIV-positive patients &#8212; my patient says his partner has been on successful HIV treatment for years. Obviously I can&#8217;t check his partner&#8217;s record to confirm this, but my patient\u00a0is quite\u00a0reliable and why should he be lying about this? He says they always\u00a0use condoms.<br \/>\nHe asked me today if he should go on PrEP &#8212; should he? He seems awfully low risk, denies other sexual exposures, etc.<br \/>\nFeel free to suggest that I send him to\u00a0see you for a formal consult.<br \/>\nThanks,<br \/>\nRoy<\/p>\n<p>Unless\u00a0you&#8217;ve been hiding under a rock (cold and damp down there, isn&#8217;t it?), you know by now that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) works incredibly well to prevent HIV in high risk, seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM) &#8212; even better than we thought, according to the recent <a href=\"http:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/sessions\/pragmatic-open-label-randomised-trial-preexposure-prophylaxis-proud-study\" target=\"_blank\">PROUD<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/sessions\/demand-prep-oral-tdf-ftc-msm-results-anrs-ipergay-trial\" target=\"_blank\">IPERGAY<\/a> studies presented at CROI.<\/p>\n<p>Related to\u00a0my colleague&#8217;s query, note that\u00a0the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/PrEPguidelines2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">USA guidelines<\/a> clearly state the following is\u00a0an\u00a0indication for PrEP in\u00a0MSM:<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 28\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em><strong>Is in an ongoing sexual relationship with an HIV-positive male partner\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>So end of story &#8212;\u00a0PrEP should be started, right?<\/p>\n<p>But there are several reasons\u00a0why it&#8217;s not quite so obvious what to do in this exact situation &#8212; which is actually quite common:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Treatment of HIV is\u00a0all but 100% effective in preventing transmission of the virus.<\/strong> Remember the &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/Expert-statements-and-guidance-for-individuals\/page\/1322904\/#item1322913\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Swiss Statement<\/strong><\/a>&#8221; that condoms weren&#8217;t even required if the positive member of serodiscordant couple was virologically suppressed? The results of <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243\" target=\"_blank\">HPTN 052<\/a><\/strong> and observational studies (most recently <a href=\"http:\/\/www.croiconference.org\/sessions\/hiv-transmission-male-serodiscordant-couples-australia-thailand-and-brazil\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>this one<\/strong><\/a>) support this\u00a0prescient claim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eligible participants in the MSM PrEP studies were at &#8220;high risk&#8221; for getting HIV.<\/strong> In IPERGAY, for example, to be eligible a person\u00a0needed to report &#8220;condomless anal sex with &gt; 2 partners within the past 6 months.&#8221; A man in\u00a0a monogamous relationship with an HIV positive partner on suppressive therapy &#8212; who also uses condoms &#8212; would never have been enrolled.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The incremental\u00a0risk reduction &#8212; if any &#8212; of a man taking PrEP whose sole partner is already on suppressive ART could never be justified on a &#8220;number needed to treat&#8221;\u00a0or cost-effectiveness basis.<\/strong>\u00a0This is pretty obvious, but is worth explicitly stating, if only so that when such treatment is prescribed, we all acknowledge that it&#8217;s done for other reasons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So what might those reasons be? First, as my friend and colleague <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uclahealth.org\/provider\/raphael-jeremiah-landovitz-md\" target=\"_blank\">Raphy Landovitz<\/a> puts it, &#8220;people aren&#8217;t completely honest with their providers about the\u00a0who\u2019s and whats of their sexual relationships \u2013 including as it relates to condom use.&#8221; Remember HPTN 052, and those &#8220;unlinked&#8221; HIV transmissions from outside the couple? That alone should give us pause.<\/p>\n<p>Second, some patients I&#8217;ve seen understandably remain\u00a0very nervous about catching HIV from their partners, even if on suppressive treatment &#8212; PrEP provides them an additional layer of security. The TDF\/FTC is acting here more as a benzodiazepine than an antiviral. Again, per Raphy: &#8220;It restores peace-of-mind to something that the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has stolen from gay men.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\">From a practical standpoint, here&#8217;s what I have done:<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>See him (the HIV negative guy) alone.<\/strong> Or if he&#8217;s uncomfortable seeing his partner&#8217;s doctor, offer to have him see one of my colleagues.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reassure him that\u00a0the discussion is 100% confidential.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Tell him the pros and cons of PrEP.<\/strong> Efficacy, safety, and cost, of course, but also the characteristics of the patients in the studies &#8212; that they were <em>high-risk<\/em> HIV negative gay men.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inform him that PrEP has never been explicitly tested in the HIV negative partners of people on suppressive ART in a monogamous relationship<\/strong> &#8212; and likely never will be since the risk of transmission is already so low.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Let him decide.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In my anecdotal experience thus far, some have chosen to go on PrEP, and some haven&#8217;t.<\/p>\n<p>And whether those who opted in did so because they&#8217;re actually at higher risk than they&#8217;re disclosing, or for peace of mind, or some combination &#8212; does it really matter?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From a very thoughtful and experienced primary care provider came this query: Hey Paul, quick question &#8212; One of my patients, an HIV-negative gay man, is in a long-term relationship with one of your HIV-positive patients &#8212; my patient says his partner has been on successful HIV treatment for years. Obviously I can&#8217;t check his [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4,8,9],"tags":[441,748],"class_list":["post-5934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","category-hiv","category-patient-care","category-policy","tag-hiv-prevention","tag-prep"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5934","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5934"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5934\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}