{"id":7887,"date":"2015-11-18T22:16:31","date_gmt":"2015-11-19T03:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/?p=7887"},"modified":"2015-11-24T16:28:31","modified_gmt":"2015-11-24T21:28:31","slug":"are-there-remaining-challenges-in-hcv-therapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/are-there-remaining-challenges-in-hcv-therapy\/2015\/11\/18\/","title":{"rendered":"Are There Remaining Challenges in HCV Therapy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Prompted by (yet more) spectacular HCV study results, I posted the following questions on Twitter:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Is velpatasvir\/sofosbuvir the endgame for HCV? And what will HCV researchers do now? <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/vL2A9FOttR\">https:\/\/t.co\/vL2A9FOttR<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NEJM\">@NEJM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Paul Sax (@PaulSaxMD) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PaulSaxMD\/status\/666957128058454017\">November 18, 2015<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To which I got this reply from one of our very energetic second-year ID fellows:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" lang=\"en\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PaulSaxMD\">@PaulSaxMD<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NEJM\">@NEJM<\/a> what about coinfected patients, drug interactions?<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Philip Lederer (@philiplederer) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/philiplederer\/status\/666963318670802944\">November 18, 2015<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>OK, OK, I know what you&#8217;re wondering &#8212; don&#8217;t you two have anything better to do than fool around with a <a href=\"http:\/\/moneymorning.com\/2015\/11\/17\/why-the-twitter-stock-price-plunged-18-this-month-nyse-twtr\/\" target=\"_blank\">financially struggling<\/a>\u00a0social media platform?<\/p>\n<p>Sure we do &#8212; but after years and years of &#8220;not getting&#8221; Twitter, I now (thanks to Phil) see some of the benefits, namely the rapid exchange of information and ideas, in a particularly efficient form.<\/p>\n<p>But back to the topic at hand, which is the HCV regimen used in these latest studies published in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>.<\/a>\u00a0 All include\u00a0the pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir with the already-approved nucleotide sofosbuvir, given as \u00a0a single pill once daily.<\/p>\n<p>Results? Outstanding:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1512610#t=abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Genotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6:<\/a><\/strong> \u00a099% cure.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1512612\" target=\"_blank\">Genotypes 2 and 3:<\/a> <\/strong>\u00a099% and 95% cure, respectively.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1512614\" target=\"_blank\">Decompensated cirrhosis:<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong> 86-94%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The results really\u00a0make you wonder what more we can do to make HCV treatment better. We are definitely at the flat part of the <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/11\/aymptotic-function.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7890\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/11\/aymptotic-function-300x222.gif\" alt=\"aymptotic function\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" \/><\/a>response curve, and fortunately it has plateaued\u00a0way up there, with 95% or higher cure rates for all but the sickest HCV patients, along with exceedingly rare\u00a0adverse effects.<\/p>\n<p>So are there remaining issues? Yes, sort\u00a0of &#8212; but none of them is as pressing as the\u00a0obligatory elephants in the room, which are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMe1513245?jwd=$db.getCUSTOMERID()&amp;jspc=$db.getSPECIALTY()\" target=\"_blank\">cost and access.<\/a> Let&#8217;s start with Phil&#8217;s proposed challenges,\u00a0plus a few\u00a0others:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co-infected patients.<\/strong> Not really a problem at all &#8212; people with HIV respond just as well as those without coinfection. (Several examples of studies cited in <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/dog-days-of-summer-id-link-o-rama\/2015\/08\/17\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>this post<\/strong>.<\/a>) In fact, in many ways they&#8217;ve been easier to treat, as the patients\u00a0are already used to taking medications\u00a0every day.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drug-drug interactions.<\/strong> Compared to what we&#8217;ve dealt with using ritonavir and cobicistat and rifampin, these are a piece of cake &#8212; unless you&#8217;re actually using ritonavir with the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/aclk?sa=L&amp;ai=C2nQf9TVNVvKkDsn0hATzi4SgB7LJ2ZEH4r_SjMUBirrQtZEDCAAQAWDJ3u2IhKTsD8gBAaoEJU_QyUGATBu2TkbnjuYhL_NzgyMg0r1cEC9MYUMpV_iguOtAmHuAB7KFwTCIBwGQBwKoB6a-G9gHAQ&amp;sig=AOD64_1NPe0mL8sRVmVq8zcZo8AeCMESWA&amp;clui=0&amp;q=&amp;ved=0CBoQ0QxqFQoTCJ6C0aS6m8kCFcduJgodZV0Ijw&amp;adurl=http:\/\/clickserve.dartsearch.net\/link\/click%3Flid%3D43700007563968013%26ds_s_kwgid%3D58700000589128403%26%26ds_e_adid%3D52933618466%26ds_e_matchtype%3Dsearch%26ds_e_device%3Dc%26ds_e_network%3Dg%26%26ds_url_v%3D2%26ds_dest_url%3Dhttp:\/\/www.viekirahcp.com%3Fcid%3Dppc_ppd_viekirafull_ggl_brnd_1348\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;PrOD&#8221; regimen.<\/a><\/strong> (That&#8217;s what I&#8217;ve been calling it. I never liked &#8220;3D&#8221;.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cirrhosis.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Especially<\/em> with a history of treatment failure to interferon-based therapies. In most\u00a0studies, the newer drugs don&#8217;t work quite as well in these patients &#8212; but we&#8217;re generally talking small differences. Response rates are still pretty great.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patients who have failed treatment with an\u00a0NS5A inhibitor-containing regimen.<\/strong>\u00a0Indeed, this does limit our options quite a bit, and assessing for resistance is anything but straightforward, especially with non genotype 1. But we&#8217;re not completely without options &#8212; alternative sofosbuvir-based regimens will work in some patients, as the resistance barrier to this particular drug is sky high. I suspect we&#8217;ll get some clarity on this issue over the next several months.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patients who can&#8217;t take 12 weeks of therapy.<\/strong> Most studies of treatment for less than 12 weeks\u00a0have been disappointing. Does a shorter course mean better adherence? Lower cost? Better <em>outcomes?<\/em> Maybe. Hard to beat the\u00a0current rate of cure, but still &#8212; a regimen\u00a0that could be given for 2-4 weeks would be welcome for some patients. Think <em>H pylori<\/em> treatment, if you can stand the analogy, since <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/id-doctors-are-clueless-about-treating-helicobacter\/2012\/10\/15\/\" target=\"_blank\">ID doctors know\u00a0squat\u00a0about <em>H pylori<\/em> therapy.<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cost.<\/strong> See elephants in the room, cited above. Maybe the soon-to-be-approved <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/annals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2279766\" target=\"_blank\">grazoprevir\/elbasvir<\/a><\/strong>. We&#8217;ll see.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So what about the second part of that tweet?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>And what will HCV researchers do now?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I don&#8217;t know &#8212; become experts in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1472-6963\/3\/22\" target=\"_blank\">implementation research?<\/a>\u00a0Study how to cure\u00a0hepatitis B? Switch to steatohepatitis? Fibrosis reversal? Learn how to juggle clubs?<\/p>\n<p>[youtube http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ax0wl8pYk4g&amp;w=560&amp;h=315]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prompted by (yet more) spectacular HCV study results, I posted the following questions on Twitter: Is velpatasvir\/sofosbuvir the endgame for HCV? And what will HCV researchers do now? https:\/\/t.co\/vL2A9FOttR @NEJM \u2014 Paul Sax (@PaulSaxMD) November 18, 2015 To which I got this reply from one of our very energetic second-year ID fellows: @PaulSaxMD @NEJM what [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5,8,10],"tags":[1104,1101,408,417,861,1098],"class_list":["post-7887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","category-infectious-diseases","category-patient-care","category-research","tag-elbasvir","tag-grazoprevir","tag-hcv","tag-hepatitis-c","tag-sofosbuvir","tag-velpatasvir"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7887","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7887\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}