{"id":8257,"date":"2016-12-11T16:16:32","date_gmt":"2016-12-11T21:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/?p=8257"},"modified":"2016-12-11T16:25:39","modified_gmt":"2016-12-11T21:25:39","slug":"want-guidelines-got-guidelines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/want-guidelines-got-guidelines\/2016\/12\/11\/","title":{"rendered":"You Want Guidelines? We Got Guidelines!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_8259\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8259\" class=\" wp-image-8259\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;I'm a thoughtful ID doctor who writes guidelines.&quot;\" width=\"290\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/12\/thoughtful-doc-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8259\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;I&#8217;m a thoughtful ID doctor who writes guidelines.&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<p>About a million years ago &#8212; in other words, probably sometime during my\u00a0ID fellowship &#8212; I asked transplant ID guru Bob Rubin how various ID guidelines came together, including one on antifungal therapy he had just led.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;You lock\u00a0a bunch of experts in a hotel conference room,&#8221; he said. &#8220;Provide them plenty of food and coffee. Then you hide the key until they come up with something, especially if there&#8217;s a deadline .&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Having participated on a couple of guidelines committees, I can attest that the process has changed <em>just a bit<\/em>\u00a0since Bob provided me that memorable story.\u00a0Conference calls, web-based presentations, and numerous shared documents with extensive &#8220;track changes&#8221;\u00a0peppered\u00a0throughout\u00a0now dominate the process, along with frequent reminders about grading both the strength of the recommendations and the quality\u00a0of evidence.<\/p>\n<p>And, since we&#8217;re ID doctors, we of course try to outdo each other in obsessive attention to detail &#8212; emphasis on <em>obsessive.<\/em> While everyone makes a big noise about editing and shortening the final document, if that means eliminating <em>one key<\/em> reference, tell that to its champion &#8212; especially if they authored or co-authored the paper. It&#8217;s going in!<\/p>\n<p>On the topic of guidelines, you might have noticed that the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has been on quite a roll over the past year. They&#8217;ve been churning out new guidelines at a blistering pace, often in collaboration with other medical societies. So here&#8217;s a look back on IDSA&#8217;s hard work over the past 12 months, each one highlighted with at least one notable and\/or interesting recommendation, and also (just for bragging rights) the number of references (all thoroughly read, no doubt):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/62\/4\/e1.full\" target=\"_blank\">Candidiasis<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>Last updated in 2009, these revised guidelines cover diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. <em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> \u00a0An echinocandin is recommended as initial therapy, with transition to fluconazole if the isolate is susceptible. <em>Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0560 &#8212; impressive!<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/62\/10\/e51.full#content-block\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Antibiotic Stewardship.<\/strong><\/a> The first of its kind! <em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> Rapid viral testing for respiratory pathogens is recommended to reduce the use of inappropriate antibiotics.<em>\u00a0Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0225 &#8212; you have to think this will grow in the next iteration.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/63\/4\/e1.full#content-block\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Aspergillosis<\/strong><\/a>. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this difficult-to-treat opportunistic infection. <em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> \u00a0Serum <em>and<\/em> bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan can accurately\u00a0diagnose invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients; the panel disagreed\u00a0about using\u00a0PCR.\u00a0<em>Number of references:\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0 655! Wow, that might be hard to beat.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/63\/5\/e61.full\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia.<\/strong><\/a> Retires the term &#8220;health-care associated pneumonia&#8221;, often abbreviated (and spoken) as &#8220;H-CAP&#8221; &#8212; will be hard for many to break that habit.\u00a0<em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> Duration of therapy should be 7-days\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/how-to-figure-out-the-length-of-antibiotic-therapy\/2010\/10\/22\/\" target=\"_blank\">follows the rules!<\/a>), not 8-15. <em>Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0364. Middle of the pack.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/63\/6\/e112.full\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Coccidioidomycosis<\/strong><\/a>. What a mouthful that fungal disease is, which must be why most people just say &#8220;cocci.&#8221;\u00a0<em>A selected key recommendation<\/em> (actually two this time): \u00a0No antifungal treatment for an asymptomatic pulmonary nodule (not even a bit of fluconazole?), while\u00a0duration of azole therapy for coccidioides meningitis is lifelong. <em>Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0219 &#8212; a relatively &#8220;low&#8221; number, maybe\u00a0because cocci&#8217;s geographic distribution isn&#8217;t very wide. Nah, 219 references is still <em>a lot.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2016\/07\/20\/cid.ciw376.full\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis.<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0The winner for the most number of organizations involved in developing and endorsing these guidelines &#8212; I counted 9 (just <a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2016\/07\/20\/cid.ciw376.full#abstract-1\" target=\"_blank\">read the start of the abstract<\/a>).\u00a0<em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> \u00a0Initial adjunctive corticosteroid therapy should <em>not<\/em> be routinely used in patients with tuberculous pericarditis. <em>Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0531 &#8212; would be top of the pack\u00a0if you added the other TB Guidelines (which are next).<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2016\/12\/08\/cid.ciw694.full?sid=edac048a-657d-4463-bfe6-c42f0ab3f7bf\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Diagnosis of tuberculosis.<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>First update on this topic in 17 years, so long overdue. <em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> Use an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) to assess for latent TB in place of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in most clinical settings. I&#8217;m ok with that!\u00a0<em>Number of references:<\/em> 241 &#8212; hey, it&#8217;s just <em>diagnosis<\/em> after all.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cid.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/63\/12\/e202.full\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Leishmaniasis<\/strong><\/a>. Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral disease. <em>A selected key recommendation:<\/em> \u00a0Use a reference laboratory to perform culture and PCR in an effort to identify\u00a0the infecting parasite to the species level, which may have implications for management. <em>Number of references:<\/em> \u00a0503, which exceeds the number of cases of leishmaniasis I have seen by 498.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That&#8217;s 8 Guidelines, and a total of 3,298 references. Hard at work, IDSA!<\/p>\n<p>Of course no listing of IDSA Guidelines these days is complete without the invaluable <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcvguidelines.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">HCV guidelines<\/a>, which I&#8217;ve praised (and use) often. They&#8217;ve changed\u00a0so frequently since their inception\u00a0that they have their own special site,\u00a0and aren&#8217;t really &#8220;published&#8221; anywhere else &#8212; at least not in a traditional medical journal.\u00a0On the plus side, this allows the HCV Guidelines greater flexibility, with modifications on an as-needed basis (three times in 2016 alone) for important changes in the field &#8212; a nod to the <a href=\"https:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/guidelines\/html\/1\/adult-and-adolescent-treatment-guidelines\/0\/\" target=\"_blank\">DHHS HIV Guidelines<\/a>, which have a similar structure.\u00a0On the minus side, there&#8217;s no real peer review, and I&#8217;m sure some of the writers of the guidelines (especially those seeking academic promotion) wouldn&#8217;t mind a byline\u00a0discoverable in PubMed.<\/p>\n<p>And they don&#8217;t <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcvguidelines.org\/full-report\/references\" target=\"_blank\">number their references<\/a>, so someone else has to count. Kind of like guessing the number of pennies in a big jar to win a\u00a0prize.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, here are some bears playing with a pink balloon. Just because.<\/p>\n<p>[youtube https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HzNEna-PETY]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About a million years ago &#8212; in other words, probably sometime during my\u00a0ID fellowship &#8212; I asked transplant ID guru Bob Rubin how various ID guidelines came together, including one on antifungal therapy he had just led. &#8220;You lock\u00a0a bunch of experts in a hotel conference room,&#8221; he said. &#8220;Provide them plenty of food and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[397,485],"class_list":["post-8257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-care","tag-guidelines","tag-idsa"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8257\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.nejm.org\/hiv-id-observations\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}