An ongoing dialogue on HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases,
November 11th, 2019
When TV Gets ID Wrong — Or At Least Not Quite Right
A busy week for Infectious Diseases on television! First, Dr. Aditya Shah, an ID doctor at Mayo Clinic, treated us to several snippets of truly idiotic ID-related drama in a network television show. After seeing them, I commented: Hey, my services to this show to help you talk about infectious diseases without sounding dumb are […]
October 14th, 2019
Common Questions About the Shingles Vaccine — Answered Here!
Here’s an interesting email from my friend and ID-colleague Dr. Carlos Del Rio (shared with his permission): Went Tuesday to see my PCP for a routine visit and had my second dose of Shingrix that day. I had gotten my first dose about 3 months ago and had severe chills and even a fever of […]
October 7th, 2019
Our HIV Testing Algorithm Has a Major Problem — Here’s How to Fix It
Mostly, HIV testing works great. It’s long been so accurate that we can strongly support HIV testing even in relatively low-risk people. The 2014 revised lab testing guidelines made it even better, recommending a combined antigen/antibody screening test (called the 4th generation test), and replacing the Western blot with the HIV-1/2 differentiation immunoassay as the […]
September 28th, 2019
What Is the Best Treatment for Advanced HIV Disease?
One of the things that keeps me on Twitter — besides cute dog videos — is the periodic realization that the platform can help patients. Which is, after all, why most of us do this doctor thing — to help people get better. Example: Several months ago we had a challenging patient. I asked twitter […]
July 7th, 2019
In Praise of Experienced ID Fellows — and a Dozen On-Service ID Learning Units
A few weeks ago, I cautioned ID fellows about underestimating their hospital’s interns and residents. My message — you were like them not so long ago; they didn’t suddenly all lose their brainpower when you graduated. This ungenerous opinion of house staff may be especially held by experienced fellows, as the accumulating workload of the […]
May 5th, 2019
Latest Published Study on HIV Treatment as Prevention Is Déjà Vu All Over Again, But Some News Is So Good It Never Gets Old
Even if you’re not an ID or HIV specialist, there’s an excellent chance you’ve heard of the PARTNER2 study, just published in The Lancet. If not, the title could not be more descriptive: Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy And, in case […]
February 18th, 2019
Yes, Many People Are “Pleasant” or “Delightful,” Even “Lovely” — But Should That Be in the Medical Note?
When writing medical notes, some clinicians include an appreciation of their patient’s personality and disposition in their opening line (the “Chief Complaint”), or when they’re wrapping up (in the “Assessment and Plan”), or in both locations. You know — it goes like this: “CC: Ms. Smith is a very pleasant 62-year-old woman admitted with …” or: […]
February 3rd, 2019
An “Interview” with the OVIVA Study of Oral vs. IV Antibiotics for Osteomyelitis
An “interview” inspired by publication of a landmark clinical trial. All responses written by me — but be assured, they are based on reading the paper, the accompanying editorial, the supplemental appendix, hundreds of comments on Twitter (some of them from the study investigators), and even a few generous comments from the the senior author in […]
January 27th, 2019
For Our Stable HIV Patients, Why Are We Still Sending All These Lab Tests So Often?
Interesting query from a colleague recently: I’m a community ID doc in the trenches (the measles trenches at present) with an HIV question. Why do we still check CBCs & chem panels every 3-6 months in our HIV patients? Particularly our well-controlled, virologically-suppressed patients? This strikes me as a tremendous waste. I haven’t been in practice that […]
January 22nd, 2019
Unanswerable Questions in Infectious Diseases — Treatment Duration in Endocarditis: 4 Weeks, 6 Weeks, Other?
Time to get back to some tough clinical decisions. It’s been a while. We’ve done The Abdominal Collection and Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy, Persistent MRSA Bacteremia, and The Positive Cultures for Candida in an ICU Patient. However, that series of posts appeared here in early 2014, which means it’s been 5 years with no “Unanswerable Questions.” Lest […]
Paul E. Sax, MD
Associate Editor
NEJM Clinician
Biography | Disclosures & Summaries
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FROM NEJM — Recent Infectious Disease Articles- Borrelia burgdorferi Infection and Erythema Migrans January 15, 2026Expansion of the range of the lone star tick, a vector for southern tick-associated rash illness, has led to overlap with the range of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis, which may cause diagnostic uncertainty.
- Case 2-2026: A 63-Year-Old Man with Pulmonary Nodules, Liver Mass, and Vision Loss January 15, 2026A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever, cough, and vision loss in the right eye. He had pulmonary nodules, a liver mass, and multiple brain lesions. A diagnosis was made.
- Primary Palmoplantar Pustulosis January 15, 2026A 60-year-old man with a 30-pack-year smoking history presented with a 2-year history of a painful rash on his palms and soles. Numerous pustules with erosions, crusting, and surrounding erythema were noted.
- The Things We Carry January 15, 2026The ID, the pen, the epinephrine, the scalpel are the nonnegotiables, the necessities for any hospital shift. But they are not the only things a physician carries, and certainly not the most burdensome.
- Serogroup Switching in Neisseria meningitidis with Dual Antibiotic Resistance January 8, 2026Serogroup switching away from serogroup Y has been identified in the major ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis strain, which may impede identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant cases of N. meningitidis infection.
- Borrelia burgdorferi Infection and Erythema Migrans January 15, 2026